Resinous product and process of making



' oleic, and palmitic and stearic acids.

Patented Mar. 1, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ERNEST J. PIEPER, OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA, ABSIGNOB TO ARMSTRONG CORK COMPANY, OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION 01' PENNSYLVANIA RESINOUS PRODUCT PROCESS OF MAKING No Drawing. Application fled June 11,

The present invention relates to a resinous product and the process of making it, and more especially to a resinous condensation product of the type formed fromthe combination and condensation of polyhydric alcohols and organic polybasic acids, and particularly adapted for forming a flexible waterproof and soap resistant film. The 1nvention has been developed in connection with the production of film's suitable as a protective or decorative coating for floor coverings, such as linoleum and felt base goods, Wall coverings, etc., and especially a film for such purposes which can be set to a soap resistant condition with or without heat or prolonged stoving or baking.

When molecular proportions of a polyhydric alcohol and an organic polybasic acid are heated together, a resinous condensation product is obtained known as an alkyd resin. One of the more common alkyd resins is made by condensing glycerine and phthalic anhydride, and is hereinafter referred to as a phthalic anhydride-glyoerine resin. A modified alkyd or phthalic anhydride-glycerine resin may be produced by. the addition of a fatty acid or acids to the polyhydric alcohol and polybasic acid mixture, or to the glycerine and phthalic anhydride mixture, during the formation of the resin.

The fatty acid or acids employed for this purpose are generally those obtained from siccative oils, such as the so-called drying oils, linseed oil and China-wood oil, and the so-called semi-drying oils, such as fish oil,

soya bean oil, etc. The acids in linseed oil are principally linolic, linolenic, isolinolepilc,

e addition of such fatty acids softens and increases the flexibility of the resin, which is important when the resin is used as the basis for a lacquer, varnish or paint.

A modified phthalic anhydride-glycerine resin lacquer may be made by heating together a mixture of glycerine, phthalic anhy- 1829. Serial N0. 871,384.

ings, such as linoleum and felt base oodsgthat the lacquer or paint be alkali resistaii because of the common practice of washing floors with soap.

It has been found that it is necessary, in order to produce a soa resistant film from a phthalic anhydride-g ycerine resin formed of glycerine, phthalic anhydride and fatty acids, to heat the film after it is applied for aconsiderable period at about 140 to 180 Fahrenheit, or perhaps for a shorter time at higher temperatures, say, about 300 to 400 Fahrenheit. In the floor covering industry these higher baking temperatures are prohibitive since the materials, such as linoleum and felt base goods, cannot withstand these higher temperatures. When lower temperatures are used a fairly satisfactory film may be obtained by long continued heating, but. this involves delay in the operation and considerable expense. In cases where the film is air-dried or heat is .used simply to eva orate the solvent, soa resistance is not 0 tained in a film forme of the fatty acid modified glycerine-phthalic anhydride resin.

When glycerine and phthalic anhydride are used as the basis of the resin, it is necessary to employ a considerable proportion of a fatty acid or acids to soften and impart flexibility to the material. The fatty acid content commonly amounts to 50% to 75% of the resinous product. This relatively large proportion fatty acid tends to increase the solubility of the film and prevents a nick setting of'the film. particularly if the atty acid is employed in a raw or but partially oxidized condition. The continued oxida-.

- v Assn examp d or paint film formed fro gtion of an unsaturated fatty acid which ma take place after the film is in use also ten to make the flexibility of the film less stable. If an eth lene glycol compound, such as 5 the mono-ct ylene glycol, commonly called ethylene glycol, or a polyethylene glycol, such as dl-ethylene glycol or tri-et ylene gl col, but preferably a mixture of monoetliylene glycol and di-ethylene glycol, be substituted for a art of the glycerine, cerj .tain desirable qua ities are imparted to the resinous product which-particularly adapts it for forming protective films. The film is rendered more soap and alkali resistant, and when the combination of ethylene glycol and di-ethylene glycol is employed, a film can be Y 3 produced which will'air-dry without continued heat to a soap resistant condition. The

V l substitution of one or more of the ethylene 99 gl c0ls, i. e., mono-ethylene glycol or a polyet ylene -glycol tends toincrease the softness I and 'flexibilityof the film and allows a considerable reduction in the amount of fatty acids employed, thus increasing the stability fiof the film and-aiding in quick setting.

, Some of the advantages of the invention may be seen reference to former practice,

e ofthe prior practice, reference may be had to v amodified 'glyptal resin formed of parts glycerine, parts phthalic anhydride. 50. linseed oil fatty 1 acids, and' .15 parts Chinawood oil fatty acids.

The formed'fro'mthese constituents is dissolved in asuitable solvent and applied 8 to form alacquer'or paintrfilm. Inorder to set such film 'to a' soap'resistant condition requires from one to three days stoving, at about 140 to. 180 Fahrenheit. As contrasted with such former practice, a lacquer m my resin, as hereinafteidescribed, can be set to a soap resist- 7 ant conditionby air-drying with the appli tion of heat only long enough i remove the volatilesolvent. p r

The characteristics of the materials employed and their observed-behaviorwill now described, together with what I believe to 31s the chemical reactlfi 'ons involves. llltigleear ,roportion's. o ycerine an p t a ic anhydiide when heate produce-a hardglossy resin film having no tackinessand having a tendency to brittle. If suflicient fatty acid is added and condensed with the glycerine and phthalic anhydride to obtain the requisite t flexibility, the film is not quick setting and has a poor-soap resistance, unless it is subjected f to an elevated temperature over a considerable period of time. In general, the more required to mature the Air-drying is net suflicient. V

. Molecular proportions of di-ethylene glycol and phthalic anhydride whenheatefd pro duce a gummy balsam-like resin which is soft and-tacky. It softens and imparts flexibility fattyacid-used,1thelonger the heating time to the materials to which it may be added. The film formed of the di-ethylene lycol and phthalic anhydride resin is not, of itself, in-

erently soap resistant.

Molecular proportions of ethylene gl col and phthalic anhydride when heated prodhce a resin which looks as hard and brittle and feels at first touch much the same as the glycerine phthalic anhydride resin. In reality it is not so hard and brittle but will make a slightly tacky film. It has excellent soap resistant qualities. Suflicient flexibility for film use-may be secured with as low as about 5% of fatty acid, and when modified with this amount of fatty acid a highly soap resistant film is formed butone which, however. will be slightly tacky unless heat is applied to set it. q

The following is a specific example of the proportions of ingredients'employed in making a resin suitable. for a lacquer or paint base:

35'parts ethylene glycol 3% to 7% parts di-ethylene glycol; 8 to l3 arts glycerine; parts phthalic anhydri' e and -10' to 20 parts drying oil acids, such as the acids obtained from linseed oil; Chinawood oil. etc.

- This mixture is heated to about 180 to 230 centigrade. until the constituents comvbine'and condense to form the resin'in its carried to a point just under the gelation point, which point I regard as being the time at which a violent reaction sets in and the resinous material would stew up and froth over. w

. The resin thus produced is then dissolved in a solvent to form a lacquer or paint. The

lacquer or aint gives a film which will airdry to an a ali andsoap resistant condition and which has a ness. w

The various constituents apparently. i mhigh flexibility and toughpart the following qualitiesto the resin: The ethylene glycol-phthalic anhydride combination gives a tough resin but with some tendency toward tackiness; It also aprs to' have inherently good-soap resist-- qualities. The glycerine-phthalic anhydride combination tends to .give a bi h gloss and counteracts tackiness. The

ethylene glycol-phthalic anhydride combination gives flexibility, and its tackiness is counteracted by the glycerine-phthalic anhydride combination. While the di-ethylene glycol-phthalic anhydride combination does not apparently have inherent good soa resisting qualities,'it,' in combination wit the other constituents, enhances the soa and water resistance, apparently due to tter esterification.

It is believed that the di-eth lene glycol assists in the esterification of t e lycerme and ethylene glycol with the phtha ic anhydride, and that such esterification is, in part at least, responsible for the soap resistant flexible a glycerine-phthalic qualities imparted by the use of the di-ethylene lycol, and thereby forms a composition whifii can be air-dried to a soap resistant Apparentl when glycerine and hthalic anhydri e are combined in the ormation of a resin, esterification is not complete and long continued stoving at relativehigh temperatures is required to complete I believe that the susof the air-dried films as t e esterification. ceptibility to soa heretofore forms from the fatty acid modi-gi fied glycerinehthalic anhydride glyptal; resin is due to ree hydroxyl resulting froiir incomplete esterification. It is found that if too much glycerine 1 too little is used the film is tack other hand, if too much di-ethy ene glycol uct will be too soft. The referred proportionsgiven above seem to e about ri ht for producing a tough glossy but flexib e soap and alkali resistant film.

It will be noted that in the above formula the fatty acids are used in considerably less amount than is required to soften and render anhydride resin, and this is due, I believe, to the inherent flexibilizing qualities of the ethylene glycol compounds used. As above pointed out, it is of advantage to thus reduce the amount of modifying fatty acids required, particularly when an air-dryin or quickly setting film is desired. It may stated in general that the smaller the amount of fatty acid used, the less time required to set the film. On .the other hand, if it is desired to form a film which will not dry as quickly, more fatty acid may be added, since this will require a longer time to mature. Thus, a control of the drying time of the film may be secured.

While it is preferred to use both the diethylene glycol and the mono-ethylene glycol in order to get their peculiar coaction in rendering the film air-drying to a soap resistant condition, one of these ethylene glycol compounds may be employed alone as a modifying or softening agent and thus reduce the amount of fatty acid required.

Tri-ethylene glycol has effects similar to those of (ii-ethylene glycol, particularly in promoting better esterification in ,an alkyd resin to which it may be added. It may be Cellosolve, boiling In using my resinous compound as a base for lacquers and paints,there is quite afield of solvents from which'to select. The partlcular solvent or solvents selected deternunedby the renditions under which the film is applied. The solvents are selected largely with reference to their boiling points. For example, the following solvents with the r boilin points noted, may be used in venous com 1nations:

Ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether, commonly known y the trade name of Cellosolva, boiling point 128 to 137 centigra e; I

Ethylenegl col mono-methyl ether, commonly known y the trade name of Methyl oint 125 centigrade; The acetate of ellosolve, boiling point 154 c entigrade; Y

fDi-ethy ene glycol mono-ethyl ether co monly known by the trade name of barbi- .tol;?, boil ingpoint 186 centigrade;

The butyl Cellosolve or ethyl glycol ,xiiono-butylether, boiling point 163 to 174 used the film 1s not soap resistant, (and n t e e'entigrade .Solvent nalphtha composed of benzol, toli101 and xylo is added to produce soap resistance, the prod A mixture of half and half solvent naphthe and ethyl acetate.

The dissolved resin may be used as such as a clear lacquer or varnish, or igments may be added to form a paint. he lacquer or paint maiyl be applied in any of the usual Ways, suc as by brushing or by spraying or by printing with floor covering printing machines.

After the lacquer or paint is applied, the film may be air-dried, such as by passing the lacquered or painted floor covering through a drying chamber, preferably heated to accelerate the evaporation of the solvent. The film as thus air-dried is not tacky and has good soap or alkali resistant qualities. The goods to which such air-drying film is applied ma be immediately rolled up for shipment. n case a slower drying film is required, such for example, as an undercoat to be printedover with an oil paint, the film may be modified to increase its drying time by increasing the fatty acid modifier content, so that the resin undercoat film may require about the same length of time to dry as is required by the oil paint decoration acts its tackines, other lyh dric alcohols may be substituted for e g ycerine, such,

. for example, as the firolyglycerides, erythrite,

nta-e hrite, manmte. whil l have sp cifi zally described the preferred embodimentof my invention and have attempted to'explain to the best of my understanding the properties of the constituents used and the chemical theory, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to such specific embodiments or such explanations, but that the invention may be a fa%aci 1 4. alkyd type remn formed by the combination and con ensation of a mixture conta an organic polybasic acid a polyhydric cohol, one of the-ethylene 'g lycols and a fa acid.

6. alkyd resin formed by the combination and con ensation of a mixture containing phthalic anhydride, glycerine, ethylene lycol, and apoly-ethylene glycol.

e resin formed by the comalkydt bination and con ensation of a mixture containin phthalic anhydride, glycerine, ethylene ycol, and (ii-ethylene glycol.

- 7. alkyd resin formed by the combination and con ensation of a mixture containin phthalic anhydride, glycerine, one of the et ylene lycols and a fatty acid.

8. An ty resin formed by the combination an con nsation of a mixture containin -phthalic anhydride, glycerine, ethylene g ycol, .di-ethylene glycol, and a fatty acid.

9. An a d resin formed by the combination an con ensation of a mixture containing an or nic polybasic acid, g1 cerine and one of t e ethylene lycols, an fatty acid in an amount less than that required by a modified phthalic anhydrideglycerine resin of comparable softness and exibility 10. -a t resin orm y t e combination and cdiiii ensation of phthalic anhydride, glycerine, eth lene gl col and diethylene glycol, and a tty aci modifier in an amount less than that required by a phthalic anhydride-glycerine resin of comparable softness and flexibility.

ylene glycol, and

lybasic acid and efilycerine.

iin moi rod thehenein described resinous p uctwhi, comprises.

heatinga-mixturecontammf' ano 'c l-' basic acid, glycerine once the ylene glgcolsanda attyacid. I.

rodu the herein col m an amount greater than that of ei er the glycerine or the poly-ethylene gl col.

15.-An alkyd type. resin form by the combination and condensation of a mixture containing phthalic anh dride, glycerine, diethylene glycol, and e ylene glycol. in an amount greater than that of eit er the glycerine or the di-ethylene glycol.

16. An alkyd type resin formed by the combination and condensation of a mixture containing phthalic anhydride, glycerine ethylene glycol and (ii-ethylene glycol, an

gass than 50 per cent of a fatty acid modi- 17. An alkyd type resin'formed by combination and condensation of atlmlxture1 containing an organic p0 asic aci a po yhydric alcohol, ethylene glycol, a poly-ethylene glycol, and a fatty acid.

18. An alkyd type resin formed by the combination and condensation of a mixture containing phthalic anh dride,. glycerine, ethylene glycol, a poly-ct ylene glycol, and a fatty aci I 19. The process of reducing the herein described resinous'p uct, which comprises heating a mixture containing an organic polybasic acid a pol hydric alcohol eth lene glycol a ly-ethy ene glycol and a fztty acid.

20. e process of reducing the herein described resinous pro uct, which comprises heating a mixture 'containin an organic polybasic acid, glycerine, ethy ene poly-ethylene glycol, and a fatty aci 21. An alkyd type resin formed by the combination and condensation of a mixture containing an organic polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol ethylene glycol and a polyethylene glycol.

22. An alkyd type resin formed by the combination and condensation of a mixture containing an organic polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, ethylene glycol, and di-ethylene glycol.

23. An alkyd type resin formed by the combination and condensation of a mixture conthe 111 hand.

y ERNEST J. PIEPER. 

